![]() ![]() At the same time in other cases conservation projects offered an opportunity for indigenous individuals to advance their perspectives on managing traditional lands and natural environments and thus, to some degree, advanced underlining these groups’ interests. For the most part conservation was imposed upon indigenous groups some communities suffered displacement and poverty loosing the lands and resources to the conservation authorities. ![]() I learned that despite the wide use of elements composing TK in the projects examined, only certain communities benefited from the conservation initiatives, with a predominant part of beneficiaries located in the states that insured greater degree of legal and social protection to indigenous individuals as citizens of those states. I focused on the connections between the provisions of the CBD Article 8(j) that specified the importance of protecting indigenous and local communities’ traditional knowledge and practices (TK) to conservation, and the actual realities of conservation initiatives in which indigenous expertise was used. I assessed a degree to which conservation benefited indigenous communities as means to combat poverty and ecological degradation. I focused on the 101 conservation initiatives conducted during the period of 2002-2012 on the territories of groups classified by the international law as indigenous peoples. In this study I examined examples of implementation of conservation policies initiated by the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). This analysis of the Peruvian legislation on autonomy, land rights and nature conservation demonstrates that, in the end, there is no real space for customary institutions and decision-making processes to function. The Peruvian national legislation is studied, as well as its impact on the daily life and organization of an indigenous people living at the border Peru-Colombia, the Airo Pai (Secoya). This is demonstrated through the analysis of three themes: the organizational and judicial autonomy of indigenous peoples, land rights and nature conservation. For the greater part, however, the recognition of customary norms, organizational forms and decision-making mechanisms is subsequently weakened or invalidated in various strategies, such as: the addition of qualifying language limiting application the requirement of compatibility with national state law and/or international human rights law and the imposition in the law of norms, organizational structures or decision-making processes that are foreign to the customary legal systems concerned. On paper, the Peruvian state legal framework has made some progress in incorporating respect for customary legal systems. This volume will be of interest to both academics and practitioners who are working in the fields of nature conservation, human rights or indigenous peoples’ rights." The book is distinctive in that it provides a comprehensive review of international human rights law in the context of nature conservation a critical appraisal of Peruvian nature conservation legislation in relation to the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities and a thorough analysis of the interaction between three levels of regulation: the international level of human rights, the national level of Peru, and the local level of a specific protected area (the Güeppí Reserved Zone). Two questions arise: What exactly does this policy shift mean in terms of international human rights law? And how has this new paradigm been translated and applied at the national and local level? This study investigates how nature conservation initiatives interact with the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities from a human rights and legal anthropological perspective. ![]() In recent years a new ‘paradigm’ of ‘nature conservation with respect for the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities’ has emerged. Most remaining biodiversity-rich areas are inhabited or used by indigenous peoples and local communities. "Heightened public awareness of the ever increasing loss of biodiversity has led to louder calls for effective nature conservation efforts. ![]()
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